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Creating planes for Micro Flight
Micro Flight supports several types of vehicles, the following sections show the detailes of the various formats of these vehicles and gives instructions for creating them.

All of these vehicles have intrument panels which share the same format and are documented in the following sections.

  Plane Tutorial Main Page   Airplanes   Hang gliders
Gyroplanes   Balloons   Helicopters
  Land vehicles   Instrument panels   Weapons

The gyroplanes are based on a 3D mesh file which containes all the moving parts of the plane, and on a full 6 Degrees Of Freedom flight model.

The gliders directory inside the MicroFlight directory containes the available planes, each plane is placed inside a directory inside the MicroFlight\aircraft directory.

Inside each plane directory are the following files:

Gyro.cfg


This file containes the aerodynamic characteristecs of the autogyro and a short description for it.

The structure of the Gyro.cfg file is as follows:

1 [has_engine]
80.0 [hp]
6500 [rpm_max]
3600 [time_fuel]
25 [prop_pitch]
50 [prop_diam]
1 [prop_num]
4.0 [r_blade]
0.2 [c_blade]
2 [n_blade]
5.5 [cla_blade]
0.025 [cd_blade]
0.05 [alfa_0]
0.5 [al_max_hub]
-0.5 [al_min_hub]
0.75 [sur_vt]
5.5 [cla_vt]
4.5 [x_vt]
0.75 [sur_r]
0.5 [al_max_r]
-0.5 [al_min_r]
0.01 [cd0]
250.0 [mass]
100.0 [i_xx]
100.0 [i_yy]
100.0 [i_zz]
6 [sink_max]
5 [g_max]
0.0 [camera_x0]
-0.1 [camera_y0]
-0.2 [camera_z0]
0.2 [x_lg1]
2.0 [y_lg1]
-2.0 [x_lg2]
2.0 [y_lg2]
0.02 [lg_kf]
panel_10 [panel_name]
0.0 [x_panel]
-0.45 [y_panel]
0.9 [z_panel]
---------------------------------------@
Basic Autogyro

A simple to fly single seat autogyro, powered by
an 80 hp aviation engine which drives a pusher propeller.
This little machine can reach a top speed of 60 kts while
maintaining a short takeoff distance and practically vertical
landing with no ground run at all.

Explanation:

has_engine Has engine ( 1 has engine , 0 no engine )
hp Engine power ( horse power )
rpm_max Engine maximum RPM ( RPM )
time_fuel Fuel capacity of plane, at full throttle ( seconds )
prop_pitch Propeller pitch (In)
prop_diam Propeller diameter (In)
r_blade Radius of blade (m)
c_blade Chord of blade (M)
n_blade number of blades
cla_blade Wing lift line slope (1/Radian)
cd_blade Wing zero incidence drag coefficient
alfa0 Blade install angle (Radian)
al_max_hub Maximal angle of tilt for hub (Radian)
al_min_hub Minimal angle of tilt for hub (Radian)
cd0 Body zero incidence drag coefficient
mass Mass of plane including fuel (Kg)
i_xx Pitch moment of innertia (Kg x M^2)
i_yy Yaw moment of innertia (Kg x M^2)
i_zz Roll moment of innertia (Kg x M^2)
sink_max Maximum allowable touch down rate of decent (M/Sec)
g_max Maximal positive stress allowed (g)
camera_x0 Position of cockpit camera along X axis
camera_y0 Position of cockpit camera along Y axis
camera_z0 Position of cockpit camera along Z axis
x_lg1 Main gear position, measured from nose (M)
y_lg1 Main gear height, measured from axis of plane (M)
x_lg2 Auxialliary gear position, measured from nose (M)
y_lg2 Auxialliary gear height, measured from axis of plane (M)
lg_kf Landing gear kinematic friction coefficient
sur_vt Vertical tail surface (M^2)
cla_vt Vertical tail lift line slope (1/Radian)
x_vt Vertical tail position , measured between nose and aerodynamic center of tail (M)
sur_r Rudder surface (M^2) , surface of moving control surface of tail ( the rudder )
al_max_r Rudder maximum angle of attack (Radian)
al_min_r Rudder minimum angle of attack (Radian)
panel_name Name of panel that will be used for plane
x_panel X position of the instrument panel
y_panel Y position of the instrument panel
z_panel Z position of the instrument panel

Note:

This file has a fixed format, all the data in the file must be supplied for all types of planes.

When designing a plane without rudder or elevator these values will be the values of equivalent control surfaces which are required to give the stability and control characteristics of the plane.

Plane.x


This file containes the 3D model of the plane and all it's moving parts placed in thier natural positions.

This is a multi-frame hirarchy mesh file, it can be created by converting a 3DS file into an X file by using the command "conv3ds [filename.3ds]" , conv3ds.exe is a small freeware converter written by Microsoft.

The plane.x file can contain over 30 moving parts, each of these parts must have a specific name so that the program can find it and animate it in flight.

In the following table the list and meaning of these names is given:
elevatorl left elevator
elevatorr right elevator
rudderl left rudder
rudderr right rudder
aileronl left aileron
aileronr right aileron
elevonl left elevon
elevonr right elevon
stickl left stick
stickr right stick
wheell left control wheel
wheelr right control wheel
spropl left prop
spropr right prop
fpropl fast left prop
fpropr fast right prop
sproptl tip left prop
fproptl fast tip left prop
sproptr tip right prop
fproptr fast tip right prop
pedalr right pedal
pedall left pedal
thrott trottle handle
pthrot throttle push handle
flexwing a hang glider type wing
parawing a paraglider type wing
handlel left paraplane handle
handler right paraplane handle
brakel left airbrake
braker right airbrake
brakeh brake handle
cableh cable release handle
pcable cable release pull handle
flapl left flap
flapr right flap
flapsh flaps extraction handle
gearh gear extraction handle
trimh trim adjustment handle
string yaw string
vtaill left V tail
vtailr right V tail
collect collective handle
srotor main rotor
frotor fast main rotor
strotor tail rotor
ftrotor fast tail rotor
flamel left burner or jet flame
flamer right burner or jet flame
flamem middle burner or jet flame
burnerh gas burner handle
canopyh canopy gas release value

Download sample source files for a plane and conv3ds

Gear.x


This is an animated mesh file which containes the 3D model of the retractable gear of the plane, this file should contain 10 frames, the first frame is the position of the gear when fully extended, the last frame is the gear's position when fully retracted.

This file can be created by converting a 3DS file into an X file by using the command "conv3ds -A [filename.3ds]" , conv3ds.exe is a small freeware converter written by Microsoft.

Download sample source files for a plane and conv3ds